Abstract
Chiral matter has a structure that lacks inversion, mirror, and rotoreflection symmetry; thus, a given chiral material has either a right- or left-handed structure. In chiral matter, electricity and magnetism can be coupled in an exotic manner beyond the classical electromagnetism (e.g., magneto chiral effect in chiral magnets). In this paper, we give a firm experimental proof of the linear electric-current-induced magnetization effect in bulk nonmagnetic chiral matter elemental trigonal tellurium. We measured a Te125 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral shift under a pulsed electric current for trigonal tellurium single crystals. We provide general symmetry considerations to discuss the electrically (electric-field- and electric-current-) induced magnetization and clarify that the NMR shift observed in trigonal tellurium is caused by the linear current-induced magnetization effect, not by a higher-order magnetoelectric effect. We also show that the current-induced NMR shift is reversed by a chirality reversal of the tellurium crystal structure. This result is direct evidence of crystal-chirality-induced spin polarization, which is an inorganic-bulk-crystal analog of the chirality-induced spin selectivity in chiral organic molecules. The present findings also show that nonmagnetic chiral crystals may be applied to spintronics and coil-free devices to generate magnetization beyond the classical electromagnetism.3 MoreReceived 20 October 2020Accepted 14 April 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.023111Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasChiralityMagnetismMagnetoelectric effectSpin-orbit couplingSpintronicsPhysical SystemsElemental semiconductorsNarrow band gap systemsNoncentrosymmetric materialsTechniquesNuclear magnetic resonanceCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics
Highlights
In condensed matters, various crystal symmetries and low-energy excitations allow an exotic coupling between electricity and magnetism beyond the classical electromagnetism
We provide general symmetry considerations to discuss the electrically induced magnetization and clarify that the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shift observed in trigonal tellurium is caused by the linear current-induced magnetization effect, not by a higher-order magnetoelectric effect
We show that the current-induced NMR shift is reversed by a chirality reversal of the tellurium crystal structure
Summary
Various crystal symmetries and low-energy excitations allow an exotic coupling between electricity and magnetism beyond the classical electromagnetism. In principle, caused by spin polarization and by orientation of orbital magnetic moment.) In contrast, an electric current can induce magnetization in a noncentrosymmetric material, even if the material has time-reversal symmetry. This current-induced magnetization effect has so far been studied in surface/interface Rashba systems [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] as the Edelstein effect [13].
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