Abstract
To investigate and discuss current fluid and blood products stocked in small animal practices in the UK. An online survey was circulated to small animal veterinary practices across the UK. The survey included questions regarding the level of hospital care provided, the type of fluid and blood component products stocked, the most frequently restocked products, and the available options in the event that blood products were required but not stocked. There were 423 responses including 27 duplicates. The remaining 396 respondents represented a spectrum of practices including 19 referral practices. Crystalloids were stocked in all practices. Lactated Ringer's solution was the most frequently re-stocked product in 355 of 396 (90%) of practices. Where synthetic colloids were stocked, gelatin-based colloids (155/178 [87%]) were stocked in preference to hydroxyethyl starches (23/178 [13%]). Blood products were stocked by 81 of 396 (20%) of practices. If a blood product was required but not stocked, 31% of practices would use a pet blood banking service, 28% would use their own blood donors, and 21% would refer. This study provides an insight into the fluid and blood products stocked and used by a selection of veterinary practices within the UK and serves as a baseline for ongoing research and decision-making in both veterinary practice and industry.
Highlights
Biographies of individuals contributing to the AMD story
The first veterinary use of sulfanilamide was for bovine mastitis cited by Roach and Hignett in their review on treatment of mastitis three sulfonamides in combination, for treatment of calf pneumo
Prior to the introduction of sulfonamides, the recovery rate was Another sulfonamide innovation was the advent of the routine use of AMD incorporation in poultry feeds to prevent coccidiosis with amides demonstrated the correlation between blood concentraas the first veterinary expression of the pivotal pharmacokinetic (PK)/PD paradigm
Summary
Sulfonamides and their combination with dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors have been placed in It was predicted that the ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animals would be associated with an increased incivancomycin and teicoplanin, two AMDs critical, in human meddence of food-borne diseases in humans and more frequent use icine, for treatment of serious gram-positive bacterial infections, of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes in animals (Casewell, Friis, especially when resistance or allergy to beta-lactams prevent their vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) It is because its addition no compensatory increase in the level of therapeutic use of AMDs to animal feeds was associated with the widespread distribution of VRE, in livestock and in pets, uncooked chicken in productivity following the ban indicated no long-term impact meat and sewage; glycopeptide resistance of Enterococcus faecium occurred on farms where avoparcin had been used (Aarestrup, the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) of the FDA (Anonymous, Antimicrobial Drugs in Food-Producing Animals,” that is sanctioning that VRE harbouring the same vanA and vanB genes as those found use for the prevention, control and treatment of infections in animals in animals were present in the faeces of nonhospitalized patients but not for growth promotion, increased performance and improved that, in Europe, people were exposed to VRE from animal or enuse in animal agriculture of some AMDs of critical importance (e.g. vironmental sources (Barton, 2000). Van Miert pioneered the introduction into veterinary medicine of hepatocyte cultures to investigate AMD metabolism (Mengelers, Kleter, Urbana a series of papers on the comparative PK of several drugs, oneered tissue PK distribution studies of AMDs (see review by Toutain et al, in this issue) and played a major role in interfacing
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