Current fluctuations in a semiconductor (dielectric) under the conditions of impact ionization and avalanche breakdown: A. S. Tager (Vol. 6, No. 8, pp. 2418–2427)

Abstract

This review paper intends to synthesise the data published in the literature on the uses of different types of nanomaterials in cementitious materials. According to ASTM, depending on types, the size of nanoparticles varies from 1 nm to 100 nm. Application of nanomaterials in different sectors has shown that the properties of conventional materials can be significantly improved when nanoparticles are included. The addition of nanoparticles in cementitious materials can act as a filler agent, producing a dense matrix and reduce the growth of micro pores. Some nanoparticles also help in the secondary reactions forming cement composite and contribute to the strength development. Moreover, this paper summarises the current knowledge of the microstructure, mechanical strength and durability of cementitious materials when incorporating different types of nanoparticles. In addition, research needs are identified based on the gaps in the current state of knowledge on using nanoparticles in cement-based construction materials.