Abstract

Recent epidemiological studies have shown that environmental factors like maternal nutrition, smoking habits, and economic stability during the period from pregnancy to early childhood might affect the risk of noncommunicable diseases in adulthood. This concept is referred to as “developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD).” Exposure to chemicals is also an important risk factor for fetal development. Moreover, there is some concern that certain chemicals can affect human reproduction and development because of their endocrine-disrupting properties, especially during fetal period.

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