Abstract
Unlike cytosolic proteins, membrane proteins (MPs) are embedded within the plasma membrane and the lipid bilayer of intracellular organelles. MPs serve in various cellular processes and account for over 65% of the current drug targets. The development of membrane mimetic systems such as bicelles, short synthetic polymers or amphipols, and membrane scaffold proteins (MSP)-based nanodiscs has facilitated the accommodation of synthetic lipids to stabilize MPs, yet the preparation of these membrane mimetics remains detergent-dependent. Bio-inspired synthetic polymers present an invaluable tool for excision and liberation of superstructures of MPs and their surrounding annular lipid bilayer in the nanometric discoidal assemblies. In this article, we discuss the significance of self-assembling process in design of biomimetic systems, review development of multiple series of amphipathic polymers and the significance of these polymeric “belts” in biomedical research in particular in unraveling the structures, dynamics and functions of several high-value membrane protein targets.
Highlights
During chain-growth polymerization, an initiator triggers the formation of radical or ionized forms of each unsaturated monomer that leads to chain propagation step in which monomers polymerize and repeatedly add to the length of polymers, upon addition of terminator, chain growth ends (Figure 2A)
The engineering apoA1 lipid-protein complexes in the body, responsible for transport of specific lipidsofsuch as proteins made possible the production of a library of amphipathic protein
Coarse-grained (CG) field molecular dynamics simulations and expericonsiderable affinity of polymer molecules to membrane (DDPC lipid molecules) that is mental data confirmed the self-aggregation of polyanionic SMA copolymers in solution driven by primary interaction of styrenes with hydrophobic acyl chains, SMA polymers resulting in globular aggregates [55]
Summary
Generalarrangement arrangementof of comonomers comonomersin in heretopolymers heretopolymerslead lead to to seven seven major major classes classes of of amphiphilic amphiphilicpolymers. Such molecules range from small molecule leads to different degree of amphipathicity Such molecules range from small molecule surfactants (i.e., chemical detergents) and biosurfactants (e.g., phospholipids). Beta caseins in milk that incorporate with minerals and fat [11,12]
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