Abstract

The acronym “LASER” connotes “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation:” and describes the emission process of an intense beam of electromagnetic energy. Einstein first discussed the concept in 1917. In 1953–1954, Townes in the United States and Basov and Prokhorov in Russia independently advanced the theoretic framework that led to the development of the laser-and their sharing of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964 (1). In 1960 Mairnan produced the first working laser, a ruby model (2). One of us (L.G.) began employing laser surgery in 1961 (3). There have been many advances in the laser and its use in the past 28 years.

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