Abstract
Cool-storage systems have the potential to reduce the overall cost of cooling for residential customers by shifting all or part of the electric load occurring during peak-demand periods to off-peak periods, thus lowering the total electrical bill where time-of-day (TOD) rates exist. The potential energy cost savings are substantial. In some U.S. locales (e.g., within the districts served by Oklahoma Gas and Electric, Arkansas Power and Light, and Wisconsin Electric Power), the difference between the peak and off-peak energy charges are >$0.100/kWh. This savings potential is the primary driving force for developing cool-storage systems for residential applications. This study establishes the current cost and performance requirements that make residential cool-storage technologies economically competitive with conventional residential air-conditioning systems. The results are based on the characteristics of conventional air-conditioning equipment and residential TOD rate structures existing during 1986–1987. Initial capital cost and annual coefficient of performance requirements for cool-storage systems were calculated for three U.S. cities with different climates and utility-rate structures. Both new construction and retrofits were considered.
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