Current concepts in the management Radial Longitudinal Deficiency

Abstract

Radial longitudinal deficiency represents a spectrum of musculoskeletal hypoplasia and dysplasia affecting the upper limb involving mainly the radial aspect of the forearm, wrist, and hand and not infrequently the proximal arm. 2/3rd of the patients with this condition suffer from an associated medical or musculoskeletal disorder and 1/3rd of them show features of a well-known syndrome with systemic manifestations. Hence it is mandatory to do a detailed clinical, radiological and laboratory evaluation which should also include genetic counselling and assessment. Its management has evolved greatly since the beginning of last century. The vast variations developed for the treatment only reflects on the persisting controversy on the ideal treatment which still eludes the medical fraternity. Current treatment options for wrist deformities include radialization or centralization with or without distraction which unfortunately has often shown poor outcomes with high rates of recurrence and poor growth of ulna leading some workers to suggest alternative techniques, which include microsurgical reconstruction using the proximal fibula and the second toe. The management of the associated hypoplastic thumb has been encouraging with recent improvements in classifications and increased options for milder deformities. The article reviews the management options available for this common condition with respect to the recent developments in literature.