Abstract
A formidable threat to the health of women, cervical carcinoma can be prevented in many cases with adequate screening. The current guidelines for cervical carcinoma screening were created as joint recommendations of the American Cancer Society (ACS), the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) and the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) in 2012, and later accepted and promoted by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). The 2012 recommendations underscore the utility of molecular testing as an adjunct to cytology screening for certain women and provide guidance to clinicians based on different risk-benefit considerations for different ages. This manuscript will review screening techniques and current recommendations for cervical cancer screening and human papilloma virus (HPV) testing, as well as possible future screening strategies.
Highlights
Routine screening of cervical cytology with the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear has been deeply ingrained in clinical practice for the past century
As molecular screening and vaccination slowly decrease the need for traditional cytological testing, clinical practice guidelines will continue to change
Significant research advances have been made in the prevention, screening, and treatment of cervical carcinoma and will likely continue
Summary
Routine screening of cervical cytology with the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear has been deeply ingrained in clinical practice for the past century. The American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) in 2012, which were accepted and promoted by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) later that same year [2,6] These guidelines mirror those of the U.S Preventative Task Force, published at the same time as the joint recommendations [7]. As the prevalence of cervical carcinoma decreases, clinicians as well as the expert panels who advise them must thoughtfully consider the risks involved with cancer screening These unfavorable consequences include unnecessary colposcopies or biopsies for lesions which might regress, healthcare costs, the psychological impact of a diagnosis of HPV, and an unknown impact on reproductive outcomes [2]. ACOG guidelines state that the excision or ablation of cervical tissue in young women should be minimized This manuscript will review screening techniques and current recommendations for cervical cancer screening and HPV testing, as well as possible future screening strategies
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