Current aspects in the differential diagnosis of angioneurotic edema

Abstract

Angioedema is a disease characterized by various triggers and an increasing prevalence. The great Greek physician Hippocrates (377-460 BC), considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine and "Father of the Western Medicine," already used the term oídēma to describe „swelling of organs“. It took many centuries later until the first description of angioedema as a distinct medical entity was minted by Quinсke in 1882. The contemporary perception, defines аngioedema as a transient swelling of the skin or submucosal surface due to increased vascular permeability of small venules. The overlying skin may be normal or mildly erythematous. Over time, many causes and factors that cause or trigger angioedema have been discussed. There are two main types of angioedema without urticarial (histaminergic and nonhistaminergic) as the role of histamine in the pathogenesis of the disease is crucial. Angioedema is a frequent clinical condition that sometimes can be life-threatening. Different types of angioedema can be challenging to distinguish clinically. However, establishing a correct diagnosis is critical as different forms of angioedema require distinct treatment approaches. Implementation of contemporary differential diagnostic approaches could be a prerequisite for an accurate diagnosis, which secures appropriate management strategies are possible.