Current Applications of Bacteriocin.

Abebe Worku Negash,Berhanu Andualem Tsehai,Joseph Falkinham

doi:10.1155/2020/4374891

Abebe Worku Negash, Berhanu Andualem Tsehai + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4374891

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Abstract

Bacteriocins are multifunctional, ribosomally produced, proteinaceous substances with pronounced antimicrobial activity at certain concentrations. They are produced by bacteria and certain members of archaea to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strains. These molecules have antimicrobial activity against pathogenic and deteriorating bacteria, which justifies their biotechnological potential. They are classified into 3 major classes based on their structural and physicochemical properties: class I bacteriocin, class II bacteriocin, and class III bacteriocin. Bacteriocins inhibit the growth of target organisms by functioning primarily on the cell envelope and by affecting gene expression and protein production within cells. The use of bacteriocins has been reported for the following: food preservation, diverse therapeutic purposes such as treatment of peptic ulcer, spermicidal agent, and woman care, anticancerous agent, veterinary use, skincare, and oral care, and also for plant growth promotion in agriculture among others.

Highlights

All living organisms produce antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), many of which are called antimicrobial peptides because of their relatively small size
Bacteria produce two types of AMP: those which are synthesized by ribosomes and AMPs that are not synthesized by ribosomes, without structural genes coding for these AMPs [1]
Bacteriocins are multifunctional, ribosomally produced proteinaceous substances with pronounced antimicrobial activity at certain concentrations [1]. ey are protein toxins produced by bacteria and certain members of archaea to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strains [2]. ese molecules have antimicrobial activity against pathogenic and deteriorating bacteria, justifying their biotechnological potential

Summary

Introduction

All living organisms produce antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), many of which are called antimicrobial peptides because of their relatively small size. Bacteriocins are multifunctional, ribosomally produced proteinaceous substances with pronounced antimicrobial activity at certain concentrations [1]. If the bacteriocins produced by a bacterium inhibit other bacteria belonging to the same species, they are generally considered to be narrowspectrum bacteriocins. Bacteriocin-producing bacterial cells are resistant to their antimicrobial peptides, which are mediated by specific immunity proteins produced by host cells [3]. Bacteriocin production could be considered as advantageous to the producer as, insufficient amounts; these peptides can kill or inhibit bacteria competing for the same ecological niche or the same nutrient pool [6]. Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family are the few examples of Gram-negative bacteria and lactic acid bacteria; Bacillus species belong to Gram-positive bacteria which produce bacteriocins [8]. E objective of this review is to summarize important information about bacteriocins, their classification, their diverse mechanism of action, and potential applications in the food industry, livestock industry, medicine, and agriculture

Comparison between Bacteriocins and Antibiotics

Classification of Bacteriocins

Bacteriocin Mode of Action

Application of Bacteriocins

Findings

Conclusion and Prospects