Abstract
Novel frequency upshift phenomena, a flash ionization and a photon acceleration process, are reviewed. The flash ionization is the frequency upshift that the quick creation of the plasma around a electromagnetic wave, on time scales on the order of a cycle of the wave. The photon acceleration is that the frequency of the electromagnetic wave propagating with the plasma density perturbation is upshifted because of the difference of the phase velocity. Furthermore, the generation of the short pulse electromagnetic wave in the THz region is also introduced.
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