Abstract
The purpose is to review the development and current application of extracorporeal life support [ECLS, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)] in acute severe respiratory failure. Extracorporeal support (ECMO) is used for acute severe respiratory failure in advanced ICUs. The current survival rate is 60-70%. Three controlled trials all demonstrated 20-30% improvement in survival compared to conventional care. Patients may now be maintained awake and ambulatory with spontaneous breathing. ECMO is the next step in the algorithm for management of severe respiratory failure unresponsive to conventional care.
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