Current and Advance Treatment Approaches of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Abstract Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic or acquired disorder in which balloon-like structures called cysts which are filled with fluid are formed inside the kidneys. The most common type of PKD is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The major cause of ADPKD are found to be abnormalities in the genes, and these abnormalities are inherited within generations. Genetic mutations such as spontaneous mutations are observed in some cases of ADPKD. Other causes of ADPKD can be hypertension and proteinuria. ADPKD develops due to mutations in the genes PKD1 or PKD2. It is found that 85% of the ADPKD patients have mutated PKD1 and 15% of the ADPKD patients have mutated PKD2. It is the 4th common cause which results in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Different researches and studies are undergoing to find novel treatments for the diseases. There is a need to have a clear understanding of molecular and genetic pathogenesis of ADPKD to help build novel therapies. After the approval of Tolvaptan, an V2R antagonist, slow growth of cyst and less chances of kidney failure were observed in ADPKD patients. Some other therapies like mTOR pathways inhibitors, somatostatin therapies also help in halting the progression of disease. Complementary therapies such as ayurveda and homeopathy, yoga, acupuncture which can help prevent the progression and symptoms of ADPKD. More and more advancement of technologies, stem cell and nanoscience have emerged in finding solutions for renal replacement therapies and restoration of renal function. Keywords: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), complementary therapies, stem cell and nanoscience.