Abstract
In this study, a literature survey was conducted of research into the development and use of wearable devices and sensors in patients with depression. We collected 18 studies that had investigated wearable devices for assessment, monitoring, or prediction of depression. In this report, we examine the sensors of the various types of wearable devices (e.g., actigraphy units, wristbands, fitness trackers, and smartwatches) and parameters measured through sensors in people with depression. In addition, we discuss future trends, referring to research in other areas employing wearable devices, and suggest the challenges of using wearable devices in the field of depression. Real-time objective monitoring of symptoms and novel approaches for diagnosis and treatment using wearable devices will lead to changes in management of patients with depression. During the process, it is necessary to overcome several issues, including limited types of collected data, reliability, user adherence, and privacy concerns.
Highlights
The rapid development of wearable devices has led to their active use in research on depression
We collected a total of 18 studies that made use of wearable devices to assess or monitor depressive symptoms or to predict major depressive disorder (MDD) (Table 1)
Depressive symptoms can be estimated by many parameters collected objectively in real-time by wearable devices
Summary
The rapid development of wearable devices has led to their active use in research on depression. Sensors in wearable devices can collect physiological data related to mental health. These devices enable monitoring and assessment of patients in real time and in an unobtrusive way. The data collected through wearable devices can be monitored by the patient, and health care providers can receive and use the patient-generated health data to personalize healthcare. Other research found that skin conductance as measured by wearable patches can be a sensitive biomarker for depression [2,3,4]. HRV often is Wearable Devices for Depression measured by photoplethysmography (PPG) to determine changes in microvascular perfusion by illuminating the skin with light and measuring the transmitted or reflected amount [7]
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