Current advances in cancer treatment: A comprehensive review of therapeutic strategies and emerging innovations

Abstract

Cancer stands as a pressing global health crisis, claiming one in every six lives across the world. The treatment of cancer has evolved into a remarkably intricate endeavour. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the field of cancer treatment, alongside the longstanding methods of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In the realm of oncology, there has been a surge of innovative treatments, encompassing stem cell therapy, targeted therapy, ablation therapy, nanoparticles, natural antioxidants, radionics, chemo dynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and ferroptosis-based therapy. Contemporary oncology is predominantly dedicated to the progression of cancer nanomedicines, with notable promise found in stem cell therapy, offering the potential to rejuvenate and mend afflicted tissues at both primary and metastatic cancer sites. Nanoparticles have ushered in new avenues for both diagnosis and treatment. Targeted therapy presents a groundbreaking strategy that hinders the proliferation and dissemination of particular cancer cells, while minimizing harm to healthy ones. Ablation therapy, characterized by its minimally invasive nature, enables the elimination of cancer using methods like controlled burning or freezing, eliminating the necessity for open surgery. In the ongoing pursuit of improved cancer therapies, numerous innovative technologies are currently undergoing clinical trials, and some have already gained approval. This review provides a comprehensive update on the recent advancements and breakthroughs in the realm of cancer treatment.