Abstract
Membranes, as the primary tool in membrane separation techniques, tend to suffer external deposition of pollutants and microorganisms depending on the nature of the treating solutions. Such issues are well recognized as biofouling and is identified as the major drawback of pressure-driven membrane processes due to the influence of the separation performance of such membrane-based technologies. Herein, the aim of this review paper is to elucidate and discuss new insights on the ongoing development works at facing the biofouling phenomenon in membranes. This paper also provides an overview of the main strategies proposed by “membranologists” to improve the fouling resistance in membranes. Special attention has been paid to the fundamentals on membrane fouling as well as the relevant results in the framework of mitigating the issue. By analyzing the literature data and state-of-the-art, the concluding remarks and future trends in the field are given as well.
Highlights
To date, different new ways of water processing have been proposed to optimize the production and yield, considering the reduction of production costs and time [1,2]
Over the course of this paper, we have reviewed the milestones of the research community focused on the strategies and approaches to face the fouling phenomenon on membranes, which in silica concentrations and fluxes, the full-length mixer decreased the fouling and was even stronger than the short and spaced twisted tapes
Over the course of this paper, we have reviewed the milestones of the research community focused on the strategies and approaches to face the fouling phenomenon on membranes, which is the primary drawback of pressure-driven membrane processes
Summary
Different new ways of water processing have been proposed to optimize the production and yield, considering the reduction of production costs and time [1,2]. Membrane-based technologies began to gain popularity as separation processes They are among the most significant advances in chemical and biological process engineering. The membrane, as the only separation barrier, is always in contact with the treating solutions, and they are prone to present chemical or biological deposition of matter [8,9] Such deposition is the so-called fouling phenomenon. The mechanisms can involve adsorption, accumulation, or precipitation either on the surface or inside the membrane’s pores This can have an influence on the separation performance of the membrane, e.g., decrease permeate flux and membrane selectivity, and membrane lifetime [14,15]. By reviewing the literature data and current state-of-the-art, the concluding remarks and future trends in the field are given
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