Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has emerged as a powerful biofabrication platform for tissue engineering because of its ability to engineer living cells and biomaterial-based 3D objects. Over the last few decades, droplet-based, extrusion-based, and laser-assisted bioprinters have been developed to fulfill certain requirements in terms of resolution, cell viability, cell density, etc. Simultaneously, various bio-inks based on natural–synthetic biomaterials have been developed and applied for successful tissue regeneration. To engineer more realistic artificial tissues/organs, mixtures of bio-inks with various recipes have also been developed. Taken together, this review describes the fundamental characteristics of the existing bioprinters and bio-inks that have been currently developed, followed by their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, various tissue engineering applications using 3D bioprinting are briefly introduced.
Highlights
The goal of tissue engineering, which is based on scaffold-based approaches, is the replacement/regeneration of damaged tissues or organs
The results showed that the viscosity of the composites increased at low shear rates, and the encapsulated preosteoblast cells were well grown without affecting cell viability relative to only gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) hydrogel
The results revealed that cells encapsulated the bio-ink could significantly accelerate wound closure when factors fluid-derived stem (AFS) cellswithin and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) were separately encapsulated in bio-inks
Summary
The goal of tissue engineering, which is based on scaffold-based approaches, is the replacement/regeneration of damaged tissues or organs. (2) biodegradability, bioprintability, blends twothe orfollowing more bio-inks for use in(1)various tissue engineering applications.(3)Notably, in this and structural integrity after printing [14,15]. To satisfy such requirements, various bio-inks review, we provide insights into the combination formulas of bio-inks, cell types, cell density, and have been formulated bymajor considering their mechanical particular, mixtures of different crosslinkers, which are challenges for buildingproperties; successfulinstructures. The type of bioprinter moreprinting bio-inksmodule for use in various tissue engineering applications In this should review, be wecarefully provide selected based on the structural properties of the targeted tissues/organs.
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