Current Advances and Applications in CRISPR-Cas Technology, Plant Sciences and Nanotechnology

Abstract

The CRISPR toolbox can perform precise programmable genetic sequence insertions to the development of new technologies. The Cas9 nuclease is one of the proteins that make up the so-called genetic scissors, a system of directed cutting of foreign DNA and, RNA that is the subject of extensive research among all known Cas proteins. The correction of alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency and cancer immunotherapy are two important therapeutic development scenarios where HDR-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 editing has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in the clinical testing. Protospacers are DNA segments that are targeted by the prokaryotic immune system and resemble the corresponding spacers at the CRISPR locus, with the exception of the PAM motif. The transpiration is the loss of water by a plant, mostly through the stomata on its leaves. Drought is a dangerous occurrence that significantly affects how well plants perform. It sets off physiological and biochemical processes that help the plant withstand drought by lessening its impacts. Medicinal plants and other soil-grown agricultural goods are often impacted by oil pollution. The existence of hazardous heavy metals in the soil, such as cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, arsenic, nickel, copper, and zinc, is one of the many other explanations for why some bacteria and germs have become resistant to medications this century.