Abstract
Cellulases are one of the widely used enzymes in different industries such as pharma, paper, detergent, agriculture, and food. These are gaining significant interest nowadays owing to their ability to convert the cellulosic biomass in to valuable products including second-generation biofuels and other bioprocess-based products. There has been a significant advancement in the commercial production of cellulase enzyme by using recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant DNA technology facilitates the conversion of noncellulolytic-producing microbes to enzyme-producing one by transferring the desired genes from known microbes. The gene responsible for cellulase production can be extracted from the cellulolytic microbes and can be inserted and expressed in target bacterium using a suitable vector. The gene of interest can be transferred by direct or indirect gene transfer method in the fast replicating microbe. Fungi and molds are predominant sources of cellulase enzyme, but their production and recovery cost is higher which makes them unsuitable for commercial production. The potential recombinant microbe producing cellulase can enhance the overall product yield by showing enormous growth potential and production on inexpensive substrate such as agro-industrial waste in lesser time making the process economical. This chapter deals with the new advancement in cellulase production by recombinant strains. The chapter comprises the information regarding different gene construct expressing cellulase enzyme, their fermentative production, recovery, and potential applications at industrial level.
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