Abstract
Hyaluronic acid, curcumin, and usnic acid are separately utilized as effective biological agents in medicine, and materials based on its blend are considered to have wider therapeutic effects than individual ones. In this study, for the first time, native hyaluronic acid-based fibers containing curcumin and usnic acid with an average diameter of 298 nm were successfully prepared by the electrospinning technique and characterized. Additionally, unstable and hydrophobic curcumin and usnic acid were loaded into the hydrophilic hyaluronic acid matrix without utilizing the activating (catalyzing) agents, resulting in the formation of an electrospinnable solution. Only the binary mixture deionized water—dimethyl sulfoxide (50:50)—was used as solvent. The presence of small amounts of dimethyl sulfoxide in the fibrous materials was expected to provide the materials with local anesthetic and antiseptic activity. The effect of electric voltage on the electrospinning process, diameter, and morphology of hyaluronic acid/curcumin/usnic acid fibers was investigated in detail. The impact of curcumin and usnic acid on the stability of fiber formation was observed. The investigation of fibers based on pure hyaluronic acid without additional polymers and with active pharmaceutical ingredients will lay the groundwork for the development of highly effective wound dressings and new drug delivery scaffolds.
Highlights
Hyaluronic acid as an unbranched polymer composed of repeating disaccharide units of1-4-D-glucuronic acid and 1-3-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, being a major component of the intracellular, extracellular, and pericytial matrixes, is one of the attractive native polymers
We describe the first example of curcumin/usnic-acid-loaded nanofibers based on native hyaluronic acid obtained without the carrier polymers and modifiers in a mixture of water-DMSO
Curcumin/usnic-acid-loaded nanofibers based on hyaluronic acid were obtained by electrospinning with a hyaluronic acid concentration of 1.9 wt.% and with a water–DMSO volume ratio of 50:50
Summary
Hyaluronic acid as an unbranched polymer composed of repeating disaccharide units of. Another method of obtaining nanofibers from hyaluronic acid without carrier polymers is to use acid in the resulting materials is smaller than the carrier polymer concentration, materials binary and ternary aqueous−organic solutions [23,24,25,26] Often, such solutions contain toxic solvents, based on them do not have regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. Thethat loading of therapeutic agents into the fibers represents a more interesting widespread use, high efficacy, and low adverse effects Such biomedical substances have task than obtaining fibers based on native hyaluronic acid. We describe the first example of curcumin/usnic-acid-loaded nanofibers based on native hyaluronic acid obtained without the carrier polymers and modifiers in a mixture of water-DMSO solvents. Regents, and natural additives are expected to obtain non-toxic and with high opportunity for wound healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery [40,41,42]
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