Abstract
Using a novel curcumin-loaded niosome nanoparticle (CM-NP), the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of curcumin on human glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). CM-NP has a diameter of ~ 60 nm and a zeta potential of ~ − 35 mV with a constant physicochemical stability. The cytotoxic effects of free curcumin (CM) and CM-NP were investigated on GSCs obtained during the removal of a brain tumor. Both CM and CM-NP caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and viability of GSCs. The IC50 values of CM and CM-NP on GSCs were 50 and 137 μg/ml after 24 h, respectively. CM-NP exerted significantly higher effects on GSC viability, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and the expression of Bax, a pro-apoptotic marker, compared with CM. In addition, the migration of GSCs was significantly impaired following the administration of CM-NP compared with CM. Furthermore, CM-NP significantly increased the values of reactive oxygen species and decreased the mRNA expressions of NF-κB and IL-6 of GSCs compared with CM. Our data also revealed that CM-NP could significantly reduce the invasiveness of GSCs compared with CM, possibly via MCP-1-mediated pathways. In addition, CM-NP exhibited a significantly greater inhibitory effect on colony formation of GSCs compared with CM. These data indicate that CM-NP exhibited stronger anti-tumor effects on GSCs than CM. Although further in vivo investigations are warranted, our results suggest that CM-NP could be an ideal carrier to deliver curcumin for potential therapeutic approaches into glioblastoma.
Highlights
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most prevalent and lethal malignant primary brain tumor originating from glial cells, representing one-third of the whole central nervous system tumors [1]
Our results showed that IC50 values of curcumin on glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) were 50 μg/ml and 43 μg/ml after 24 and 48 h, respectively (Fig. 3c)
Our results indicate that curcumin-loaded niosome nanoparticle (CM-NP) more efficiently induces cell arrest and increases cell apoptosis and necrosis in GSCs compared with free curcumin
Summary
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most prevalent and lethal malignant primary brain tumor originating from glial cells, representing one-third of the whole central nervous system tumors [1]. Current therapeutic options available for GBM have limited efficacy, offering short-term survival improvement with a considerable side effects. Improvement in available therapeutic approaches and the implementation of novel treatments are warranted. GBM contains functional subsets of tumorigenic and self-renewing stem cells called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). The characteristic features of GSCs, such as infiltrative property, resistance to various treatments, and progressive nature, strongly suggested their key role in tumor initiation, invasion, and recurrence [2]. GSCs are identified as a novel target for the treatment of resistant tumor cells and prevention of cancer recurrence [3, 4]
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