Abstract
Curcumin, primary component of the spice turmeric extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, represents the major anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory substance found in turmeric, acting thought various mechanisms not completely understood. Curcumin modulates cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors, inflammatory molecules and cell signaling pathways. During restorative dentistry practice, free resin monomers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) propagate through dentin micro-channel and pulp into the bloodstream affecting cellular integrity. The study highlights the significance of application of curcumin bioactive component into liposomal formulations (CurLIP) to restore the homeostasis of dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in response to 3 and 5 mmol L–1 HEMA treatment. Cell proliferation in combination with changes of the morphological features, proinflammatory cytokines secretion as Interleukin (IL) 6, IL8, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP1) and Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) were assayed along with the nuclear factor (NF)-kB, an inducible transcription factor involved in the activation of several cell processes associated to extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and posphorylated (p-) ERK pathway. Our results showed a decreased cell proliferation, morphological changes and upregulation of IL6, IL8, MCP1 and IFNγ in presence of 3 and 5 mmol L–1 HEMA treatment. CurLIP therapy in hDPSCs provokes an increase in cell proliferation and the block of inflammatory cytokines secretion through the inhibitory regulation of NFkB/ERK and pERK signaling cascade. The natural nanocarrier CurLIP influences numerous biochemical and molecular cascades causing anti-inflammatory properties in response to HEMA treatment in human dental pulp stem cells, representing an innovative endodontic formulation able to improve the quality of dental care with a major human community impact.
Highlights
In the world, the 36% of the population have dental caries/decay in their permanent teeth and the 9% of the population in their baby teeth (Vos et al, 2012).To restore teeth damage are predominantly used dental composites that contain viscous methacrylate monomers such as 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacrylyloxy-propoxy)phenyl] propane and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), in addition to hydrophilic monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA; Trubiani et al, 2012b; Diomede et al, 2014)
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the protective effect of the natural nanocarrier Curcumin loaded liposome (CurLIP) in response to HEMA treatment in human dental pulp stem cells
This increase was a clear indication of the fact that curcumin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) did solubilize in the POPC bilayer and was in line with previous measurements (Basnet et al, 2012)
Summary
The 36% of the population have dental caries/decay in their permanent teeth and the 9% of the population in their baby teeth (Vos et al, 2012).To restore teeth damage are predominantly used dental composites that contain viscous methacrylate monomers such as 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacrylyloxy-propoxy)phenyl] propane (bis-GMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), in addition to hydrophilic monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA; Trubiani et al, 2012b; Diomede et al, 2014). HEMA and TEGDMA impede odontogenic differentiation and the mineralization of apical papilla stem cells as well as the inflammatory cytokines secretion (Trubiani et al, 2010; Bakopoulou et al, 2012). In this scenario, many interdisciplinary studies have been addressed in order to favor the repair of cells and tissues damages. Curcuma longa is a plant belonging to the family of Zingiberaceae whose rhizome, source of turmeric, has been used in cooking, cosmetics and medical treatments (Vaughn et al, 2016) from considerable time. The curcuminoids present in the rhizome are a mixture of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin (Gangemi et al, 2015)
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