Abstract
BackgroundHere, we examined the tumoricidal effect of Gemini surfactant nanoparticles enriched with curcumin on 3D spheroid HT-29 cells. The delivery of curcumin and other phytocompounds to the tumor niche is an important challenge.MethodsSpheroid HT-29 cells were generated by using a conventional hanging drop method and exposed to different concentrations of Gemini-curcumin nanoparticles. The changes in spheroid integrity and cell viability were evaluated by measuring the spheroid diameter and LDH release, respectively. The uptake of Gemini-curcumin nanoparticles was detected by flow cytometry assay. Flow cytometric of Rhodamine 123 efflux was also performed. Migration capacity was analyzed using a Transwell insert assay. By using real-time PCR analysis and Western blotting, we studied the expression level of MMP-2, -9, Vimentin, and E-cadherin genes.ResultsGemini-curcumin nanoparticles had the potential to disintegrate spheroids and decrease central density compared to the control group (p < 0.05). These changes coincided with enhanced LDH release by the increase of nanoparticle concentration (p < 0.05). Data highlighted the ability of cells to uptake synthetic nanoparticles in a dose-dependent manner. We found reduced Rhodamine 123 efflux in treated HT-29 spheroid cells compared to the control (p < 0.05). Nanoparticles significantly decreased the metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) rate by the suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, Vimentin, and induction of E-cadherin (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur data confirmed that Gemini curcumin has the potential to suppress cell proliferation and inhibit metastasis in 3D spheroid HT-29 cells in vitro.
Highlights
We examined the tumoricidal effect of Gemini surfactant nanoparticles enriched with curcumin on 3D spheroid HT-29 cells
Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed successful conjugation of Cur to Gemini NPs The Gemini-Cur NPs FTIR analysis revealed respective peaks at the wavelengths of 2895 and 1115 c m−1 which are related to C–H and C–O stretching, respectively
The analysis showed the increase of C–H stretching in Gemini-Cur NPs compared to Gemini NPs
Summary
We examined the tumoricidal effect of Gemini surfactant nanoparticles enriched with curcumin on 3D spheroid HT-29 cells. It has been elucidated that the anti-cancer effect of Cur is mediated by the modulation of multiple signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, p53, JAK/STAT, and NF-dB (Wang et al 2019; Chauhan et al 2018; Srivastava and Srivastava 2019). Due to these advantages, Cur has grabbed the researchers’ attention in the field of cancer biology research and treatment (Vallianou et al 2015; Hewlings and Kalman 2017). Some studies declared that Cur possesses poor bio-distribution and absorption rate after oral intake (Karimpour et al 2019)
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