Curcumin Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Activation of Redox-Sensitive Kinases in High Fructose- and High-Fat-Fed Male Wistar Rats.

Nachimuthu Maithili Karpaga Selvi

doi:10.3797/scipharm.1408-16

Nachimuthu Maithili Karpaga Selvi

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.1408-16

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Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of curcumin on oxidative stress and redox-sensitive kinases in high fructose- and high-fat-fed rats. Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups with ten animals each. Rats were fed with a standard rodent diet, high fructose diet (60%), and high-fat diet (30%). Curcumin was administered to control, high fructose and high fat diet groups for ten weeks. At the end of the study, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured. The antioxidant enzymes GSH (reduced glutathione), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and catalase activities were estimated in the blood. MDA, TAS, and TOS were estimated in the plasma, liver, and kidney. Curcumin treatment decreased body weight and blood glucose levels in the rats fed with fructose and high-fat diet. Antioxidant enzymes and plasma TAS were significantly improved by curcumin treatment in high fructose-fed rats, whereas in high-fat-fed rats, there was an increase only in the GPx activity. Curcumin significantly attenuated the elevation of plasma MDA and TOS in both diet groups. Hepatic MDA and TOS were found to be decreased upon curcumin supplementation in both diet groups, whereas a decrease in the renal MDA levels was observed only in fructose-treated rats, not in fat-fed rats. Curcumin treatment elevated liver TAS in rats fed only with the fructose-rich diet. Curcumin showed a significant decrease in the oxidative stress index (OSI) in plasma, liver, and kidney tissues in both diet groups. ERK phosphorylation was significantly decreased in both diet groups by curcumin treatment. Similarly, curcumin reduced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK only in the high fructose-fed rats, not in the high-fat-fed rats. No significant changes were found in JNK phosphorylation in both diet groups. Thus, curcumin may be effective in the management of diet-induced oxidative stress and could be explored as a therapeutic adjuvant against complications associated with obesity and diabetes.

Highlights

Diabetes and obesity are major health problems worldwide
Effect of Curcumin on Body Weight and Blood Glucose Levels. Both high fructose and high-fat diet feeding significantly increased body weight when compared with the control group
Plasma glucose levels were elevated in both diet groups and the addition of curcumin to both diets reduced the increase by 18% and 16%, respectively, when compared with high fructose and high-fatfed groups

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes and obesity are major health problems worldwide. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its complications are being increasingly recognised. It is well documented that the dietary intake of fructose as well as a fat-rich diet causes enhanced production of free radicals and depletes the antioxidant levels, thereby creating a redox imbalance which results in oxidative stress [3, 4]. Oxidative stress is defined as the persistent imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense culminating in irreversible cellular alterations [5]. This redox imbalance is associated with various pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular disease [6]. Overproduction of ROS or a reduced level of antioxidants, or both, lead to oxidative damage of membrane proteins, lipids, and DNA

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