Abstract
Immune modulation is a very modern medical field for targeting viral infections. In the race to develop the best immune modulator against viruses, curcumin, as a natural product, is inexpensive, without side effects, and can stimulate very well certain areas of the human immune system. As a bright yellow component of turmeric spice, curcumin has been the subject of thousands of scientific and clinical studies in recent decades to prove its powerful antioxidant properties and anticancer effects. Curcumin has been shown to influence inter- and intracellular signaling pathways, with direct effects on gene expression of the antioxidant proteins and those that regulate the immunity. Experimental studies have shown that curcumin modulates several enzyme systems, reduces nitrosative stress, increases the antioxidant capacity, and decreases the lipid peroxidation, protecting against fatty liver pathogenesis and fibrotic changes. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects millions of people worldwide, having sometimes a dramatic evolution to chronic aggressive infection, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. All up-to-date treatments are limited, there is still a gap in the scientific knowledge, and a sterilization cure may not yet be possible with the removal of both covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the embedded HBV DNA. With a maximum light absorption at 420 nm, the cytotoxicity of curcumin as photosensitizer could be expanded by the intravenous blue laser blood irradiation (IVBLBI) or photobiomodulation in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive, noncirrhotic, but nonresponsive to classical therapy. Photobiomodulation increases DNA repair by the biosynthesis of complex molecules with antioxidant properties, the outset of repairing enzyme systems and new phospholipids for regenerating the cell membranes. UltraBioavailable Curcumin and blue laser photobiomodulation could suppress the virus and control better the disease by reducing inflammation/fibrosis and stopping the progression of chronic hepatitis, reversing fibrosis, and diminishing the progression of cirrhosis, and decreasing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy with blue light and curcumin opens new avenues for the effective prevention and cure of chronic liver infections and hepatocellular carcinoma. Blue laser light and UltraBioavailable Curcumin could be a new valuable alternative for medical applications in chronic B viral hepatitis and hepatocarcinoma, saving millions of lives.
Highlights
With a maximum light absorption at 420 nm, the cytotoxicity of curcumin as photosensitizer could be expanded by the intravenous blue laser blood irradiation (IVBLBI) or photobiomodulation in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive, noncirrhotic, but nonresponsive to classical therapy
Curcumin ameliorated the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-mediated differentiation, fusion and maturation of osteoclasts and had an immunomodulatory effect on macrophage polarization; the protective effect of curcumin on osteoclast genesis was mediated by attenuating the up-regulation of Akt and p65 phosphorylation and the activation of the downstream transcription factor NFATc1
These findings suggest that natural food supplements could become an alternative approach to ameliorating immune-mediated kidney diseases
Summary
The fascination of regenerative medicine is much stronger today when we are trying more than ever to reverse aging and to trigger the restoration of normal cell, tissue, and organ functions by regeneration, replacement, and repair [1]. Since their invention, low-level lasers (from red to near infrared), or more recently named photobiomodulation, applied in medicine proved to have beneficial effects on relieving pain, decreasing swelling and inflammation, and stimulating the healing of the living tissues, when used in appropriate doses. Numerous associated and combined photobiomodulation techniques were developed and are widely used nowadays: Locally, on the projection of internal organs; laser acupuncture; intracavitary, transdermal, and intravenous laser blood illumination; magnetic-laser therapy; laser phoresis; etc. [3]
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