Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory disorder of the small intestine and colon. IBD includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), and it is a major factor for the development of colon cancer, referred to as colitis-associated cancer (CAC). The current treatment of IBD mainly includes the use of synthetic drugs and monoclonal antibodies. However, these drugs have side effects over long-term use, and the high relapse rate restricts their application. In the recent past, many studies had witnessed a surge in applying plant-derived products to manage various diseases, including IBD. Curcumin is a bioactive component derived from a rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies show that curcumin may interact with many cellular targets (NF-κB, JAKs/STATs, MAPKs, TNF-γ, IL-6, PPARγ, and TRPV1) and effectively reduce the progression of IBD with promising results. Thus, curcumin is a potential therapeutic agent for patients with IBD once it significantly decreases clinical relapse in patients with quiescent IBD. This review aims to summarize recent advances and provide a comprehensive picture of curcumin’s effectiveness in IBD and offer our view on future research on curcumin in IBD treatment.
Highlights
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory disorder of the small intestine and colon
The results showed that the turmeric extract significantly attenuated SLC22A4 and IL-10 by reducing the inappropriate epithelial cell transport and improving the cytokine gene promoter level related to the anti-inflammatory activity [90]
The results showed that curcumin effectively decreased severity of the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in an animal model by reducing NF-κB/STAT3 activation and iNOS/COX-2 proteins expression
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory disorder of the small intestine and colon. The CD can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract, generally, the terminal ileum or the perianal region, and 65% of the CD patients are affected in the small intestine’s lower end [1,2,3]. Both CD and UC are associated with enhanced risk of cancer, with period and severity of chronic colitis conferring major risk factors for colon cancer development, referred to as colitis-associated cancer (CAC) [4,5]. This hypothesis is supported by research on IBD patients, where there is an increased number of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in their mucosa [6,7]
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