Abstract
BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is implicated in subsequent development of asthma/wheezing (AW) among term and pre‐term infants. We describe the cumulative incidence of AW among hospitalized and ambulatory neonates/infants/toddlers following RSV infection diagnosis over three independent follow‐up periods.MethodsBetween January 1, 2007 and March 31, 2016, patients aged 0‐2 years old with first clinical diagnosis of RSV infection were identified using the Optum® integrated electronic health records and claims database. Patients diagnosed with AW ≤ 30 days post‐RSV diagnosis were excluded. Three cohorts with 1, 3, and 5 years of follow‐up were stratified by presence or absence of specific RSV high‐risk factors, including pre‐term birth and pre‐defined, pre‐existing comorbidities. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression results were reported.ResultsOverall, 9811, 4524, and 1788 RSV‐infected high‐risk factor negative patients were included in 1, 3, and 5‐year independent cohorts, respectively. Of these, 6.5%, 6.9%, and 5.8%, respectively had RSV‐related hospitalization. By the end of follow‐up, 14.9%, 28.2%, and 36.3% had AW events. Overall, 3030, 1378, and 552 RSV‐infected high‐risk factor positive patients were included in the respective cohorts. Of these, 11.4%, 11.1%, and 11.6%, respectively were hospitalized with initial RSV infection and 18.1%, 32.9%, and 37.9% had subsequent AW events within the follow‐up period. Logistic regression confirmed RSV‐related hospitalization significantly increased the likelihood of developing AW (P < .05) in high‐risk factor positive and negative patients.ConclusionsIn infants diagnosed with RSV infection, RSV‐related hospitalization was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of AW development for at least 5 years, compared with non‐hospitalized patients.
Highlights
Acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection are a common cause of hospitalization in the young, especially in children under 2 years of age
NGUYEN-VAN-TAM et al Conclusions: In infants diagnosed with Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, RSV-related hospitalization was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of AW development for at least 5 years, compared with non-hospitalized patients
We describe the cumulative incidence of post-RSV infection asthma/wheezing (AW) among a large general population of children aged 0-2 years, after a clinical diagnosis of RSV bronchiolitis using an integrated Electronic Health Records (EHR) and claims database
Summary
In infants diagnosed with RSV infection, RSV-related hospitalization was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of AW development for at least 5 years, compared with non-hospitalized patients. KEYWORDS asthma, cumulative incidence, infants, pre-existing high-risk factors, respiratory syncytial virus, wheezing
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