Abstract
Previous cross-cultural studies find that cultures can shape how we look during scene perception, but don’t mention its condition and limited to the East and West. This study recruited Chinese and African students to testify the cultural effects on two phases. In free-viewing phase: Africans fixated more on the focal objects than Chinese, while Chinese payed more attention to the backgrounds than Africans especially on the first fourth and fifth fixations. In recognition phase, there was no cultural difference on perception, but Chinese recognized more objects than Africans. Based on chosen subjects, we conclude that cultural differences exit on scene perception under conditions of no task and more clearly in its later period, but that differences may be hidden in a deeper way (e.g. memory) in task condition.
Highlights
Culture may be defined at macro, ecological, and societal levels in terms of values and practices that are collectively distributed and, to an important extent, shared (Kitayama & Uskul, 2011; Edel, 1954; Shweder & Bourne, 1982)
Cultural differences have been found in perception, for example in face recognition (Miellet, Vizioli, He, Zhou, & Caldara, 2013; Ng, Steele, & Sasaki, 2016), facial expressions (Jack, Blais, Scheepers, Schyns, & Caldara, 2009; Jack, Sun, Delis, Garrod, & Schyns, 2016), and psychological esthetics (Masuda, Gonzalez, Kwan, & Nisbett, 2008)
Because different phases had different tasks, the eye movement data were divided into study phase and recognition phase to test if there were cultural differences in different tasks
Summary
Culture may be defined at macro, ecological, and societal levels in terms of values (general goal states) and practices (behavioral routines often designed to achieve the values) that are collectively distributed and, to an important extent, shared (Kitayama & Uskul, 2011; Edel, 1954; Shweder & Bourne, 1982). Cultural differences can be seen in every aspect of a person’s social life, like food and language. Cultural differences have been found in perception, for example in face recognition (Miellet, Vizioli, He, Zhou, & Caldara, 2013; Ng, Steele, & Sasaki, 2016), facial expressions (Jack, Blais, Scheepers, Schyns, & Caldara, 2009; Jack, Sun, Delis, Garrod, & Schyns, 2016), and psychological esthetics (Masuda, Gonzalez, Kwan, & Nisbett, 2008). We test whether there are cultural differences in scene perception, namely perception of the real-world environment, with the scene being. Culture shapes how we look: Comparison between Chinese and African university students.
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