Culture landscape within recreational landscape park in China

Abstract

Introduction Cultural landscapes are produced by and reflect the long-term interactions between humans and nature in indigenous societies (Yuan, 2011). A cultural landscape is an area where the landforms have been created by human culture as well as by nature; human culture has been created by the landscape as well as the people; and each now depends upon and continues to exist because of the other (Buckley et al., 2008). In a paper of “The Cultural Landscape of China – specific Feature and their Causes”, authors pointed that Chinese cultural landscapes are featured by intensity population and small tiny plots and compacted agricultural landscapes, nucleated settlements with little variation type in most part of country, which featured by specific building materials (Muller, 2006). When cultural landscape integrated with agricultural practice and biodiversity, this biodiversity help people inhabitants adapt to environment uncertainty and constraints to sustain their livelihood over generations (Luohui, 2010). In recreational landscape park of china, the culture landscape concept includes the all kinds of peasantry livelihood (living, production and custom). With massive population, it is a high density settlement region in the world, so the agriculture-basic landscape are mainly composed into cultural landscape. Agriculturebasic landscape is belong to high management landscape category that is the balance of interaction between human agriculture activities and natural environments. It embraces rural settlement, surrounding farmer lands and forests. The harmonious exquisite agriculture views are the result of nature and human co-operation. Human act a crucial role among these semi-natural ecosystems, they are the essential manager of these cultural natural landscapes which would be lost without their management. But as the growth of visitation population on resource-based recreational area, more and more dollars were launched on the tourism investment, the exotic economy and culture bring more and more impassive affections to the native inhabitants that include customs, folklores, settlements, livelihood, and native agricultural species. Therefore, how to inherit these agricultural traditional culture, how to conserve these traditional agricultural landscape, how to maintain the balance of these exquisite semi-natural ecological landscape are the significant commission of contemporary landscape planner and manager (fig. 1 and 2). CULTURE LANDSCAPE WITHIN RECREATIONAL LANDSCAPE PARK IN CHINA