Abstract
Development policy was not shaped by the needs of the majority of people in the developing countries which resulted in conflicts between the basic needs and market-oriented perspectives on development. The rise of the middle class in developing countries like India has led to a shift in cultural values and growing aspiration to match affluent societies. This has led to reversal of the gains of development, unsustainable action and even a collapse of the ecosystem. Social movements have begun to revision the meaning of sustainability and build capacities for balancing growth with environmental conservation. Communities have begun assuming custodianship of their environment and natural resources which previously were the sole responsibility of the government. The reinvigoration of cultural values on environmental protection among people is based on capacity for action founded on strong, but neglected traditions that are combined with modern technology to achieve sustainable development.
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