Culture and self-presentation as predictors of shyness among Japanese and American female college students.

Abstract

Self-presentation theories of shyness have been supported in North American samples but have not been evaluated cross-culturally. This study examined the relative influence of cultural and psychological variables on self-reported shyness among Japanese and American college students. 35 female Japanese-born and 47 United States-born Euro-American female students completed the Shyness Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire, Sensitivity to Rejection Scale, and Individualism-Collectivism Scale, and a demographic data sheet. After statistically controlling for Individualism-Collectivism, psychological measures, especially perceived interpersonal competence and sensitivity to rejection, combined for Adjusted R2 = .32 in shyness. Findings suggest that similar factors are central to experiences of shyness for both samples. Researchers should assess the stability of such findings in larger, heterogeneous samples and evaluate whether treatment strategies that reduce expectations of rejection and increase perceived interpersonal competence have comparable efficacy in reducing shyness across cultures.