Cultural spaces and climate change: Modeling Holocene archaeological settlement patterns on the coastal plain of the southeastern United States

Abstract

Ideal free distribution (IFD) models generally predict that populations, including human populations, will distribute themselves across the landscape such that resource access is optimized. However, links between ecology and human responses to it are not always straightforward, especially during periods of climate change when people often act based on incomplete information and for reasons not connected directly to ecological output. Here, we analyze archaeological site distribution across the coastal plains of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida to test the roles that both ecology and knowledge of a region, as estimated based on past site occupations, played in human decision making during the Middle and Late Archaic periods. These periods correlate to substantial climatic, environmental and ecological change during the middle Holocene and beginning of the late Holocene. We find that IFD models that include both ecological variables and past landscape use fit both cultural periods, but to different degrees.