Abstract
Background: On the analogy of the non-pathogenic microbiota found in oral cavity, skin and gastrointestinal tract, existence of blood microbiota was confirmed by DNA sequencing, but never deeply characterized. Hypothesis for the existence of dormant blood microbiota in healthy humans have been arisen and single species have been isolated. The aim of our study was to resuscitate and investigate the biodiversity of bacterial and fungal dormant blood microbiota in healthy individuals by blood culturing and NGS DNA sequencing. Results: Twenty eight blood samples of healthy individuals, seven for each blood type, were studied. Several culture media were tested. Blood microbiota resuscitation was performed in BHI broth supplemented with vitamin K 1 mg/ml, 2% sucrose, 0.25% sodium citrate and 0.2% yeastolate at 43?C for 72 h. All tested blood samples were culture positive, as confirmed by Gram staining and TEM. TEM images demonstrated well defined cell structures. Analysis for bacterial and eukaryotic species was performed by 16S rRNA and ITS2 targeted sequencing. The obtained sequences were clustered (≥97% identity) in Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Among cultured and uncultured samples we identified OTUs similarity with 47 bacterial orders belonging to 15 phyla and 39 fungi orders blonging to 2 phyla. For the first time we demonstrated isolation and sequencing identification of fungal blood microbiota in healthy individuals. Blood-group differences were identified among the bacterial microbiome compositions. Conclusion: The dormant blood microbiome is innate of the healthy individuals. Interventional strategies to bind the host blood microbiome with the states of health and disease remain an unmet research goal.
Highlights
In the human and animal evolution many microbial species successfully adapted to the macroorganism
On the analogy of the non-pathogenic microbiota found in oral cavity, skin and gastrointestinal tract, existence of blood microbiota was confirmed by DNA sequencing, but never deeply characterized
Blood-group differences were identified among the bacterial microbiome compositions
Summary
In the human and animal evolution many microbial species successfully adapted to the macroorganism. On the bases of sampling 242 healthy adults at 18 different anatomical sites of the human body and sequencing the 16S rRNA genes the presence of 5177 microbial taxonomic profiles was proven, but only 800 of them could be cultured [1]. We tested whether the presence of DNA in healthy blood is associated with DNAemia or it is due to existing blood microbiota. Hypothesis for the existence of dormant blood microbiota in healthy humans have been arisen and single species have been isolated. The aim of our study was to resuscitate and investigate the biodiversity of bacterial and fungal dormant blood microbiota in healthy individuals by blood culturing and NGS DNA sequencing. For the first time we demonstrated isolation and sequencing identification of fungal blood microbiota in healthy individuals. Interventional strategies to bind the host blood microbiome with the states of health and disease remain an unmet research goal
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