Cultural Heritage Resource Development and Industrial Transformation Resource Value Assessment Based on BP Neural Network

The International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) rightly posits that Nigeria is blessed with outstanding cultural, natural and significant heritage resources. Meanwhile, the country is facing multiplicity of problems in her attempt at cultural transformation particularly concerning the proper preservation of her abundant cultural heritage. This study assessed the level of community participation in cultural heritage resources preservation among the rural household in South West Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was employed for the selection of 221 respondents for the study. Data were collected using a mixed method of well structured questionnaires and interview schedule. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, Weighted Mean Score (WMS) were used to describe the socioeconomic characteristics, enumerate the benefits of cultural heritage preservation, examine challenges to cultural heritage preservation and to examine the level of community participation on cultural heritage preservation. t-test analysis was used to test the hypothesis of the study. The findings revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 54 years in Oyo and 57 years in Ogun States. The mean household size was 7 people in both Oyo and Ogun States. Preserving traditional entrepreneurial skills (99.5%) was the most benefit derived from cultural heritage preservation. Lack of technical experts and poor professionalism (WMS = 1.26) was the most challenge encountered in preservation. The t-test result shows that there was no significant difference in the level of community participation in the preservation of cultural heritage resources between Oyo and Ogun States (t=1.766, p= 0.081). The study concluded that benefits of cultural heritage influenced the level of participation. The study therefore recommends that funds should be allocated to researchers, conservators and other professionals to build their capacities in conservation process

With the constant development of socialist modernization construction in our country, our country's tourism industry rises gradually, and becomes a new growth point of economic development in China.Tourism industry involves wide range.In the protection of their own development, at the same time, also lead to traffic, dining, lodgings, clothing industry development, and have good development prospects.In this situation, our country's cultural heritage resources are turning to tourism product development path, and are closely connected with the tourism industry.The two get mutual promotion and common development.This article deeply explores complex cultural heritage tourism products development, and provides a reference for our country's cultural heritage protection and inheritance.Chinese culture has a long history, extensive and profound.Having experienced thousands of years of development, it has left a large number of rich cultural heritage for future generations.In recent years, the fusion of cultural heritage and tourism industry has become a new development trend.On the one hand, cultural heritage puts new era energy for the development of tourism industry; On the other hand, the complex cultural heritage in the process has been effective.[1] Complex cultural heritage is of diversity and richness, which bring some difficulties for its inheritance.Therefore, full mix with the tourism product development may safeguard China's cultural heritage in tourism, and the development heritage can finally make more efficient protection of cultural heritage.

Anecdotal mention of cultural resources in already established natural resources grading and certification systems exists, in particular within the broader ecotourism model. In the absence of certification standards for cultural heritage management field, this chapter explores how certification initiatives that already exist can be used as a springboard to inspire similar initiatives in cultural heritage management. In this chapter the broader ecotourism model is identified as a framework for discussion. The most dominant use of natural resources in African landscapes is tourism, and as such most grading and certification programmes are modelled around tourism use. Resources use in tourism involves a broad range of stakeholders that are both local (host) and international (tourists). Tourism also uses a wide range of resources by type, spanning from landscapes to animals to features. The same is also true for cultural and heritage resources use, whereby as stated in Chap. 1, economic use value of cultural resources is heightening, though without any conservation strategy. To provide a platform for theoretical and practical discussions on ways to initiate certification processes for cultural heritage resources, a case study of the Botswana tourism establishment’s grading and Botswana eco-certification systems is discussed in the context of cultural heritage. The analysis indicates that whereas some sectors incorporate cultural resources use in their management portfolios, this is done in an unsustainable manner, even where these resources are incorporated in a certification model such as the popular ecotourism framework. In ecotourism cultural resources are addressed as if they are natural resources, with incompatible indicators of conservation applied on them. Certification initiatives that recognise uniqueness of cultural heritage resources or those initiatives that focus solely on cultural resources are needed.

To local geographical and cultural connotations of stretch point, demonstrates the enormous cultural significance and role of local excellent place to nurture the core values of college students, when presented with excellent local culture nurture the core values of the local college students.

Communicating cultural heritage to the public has gained popularity in many African countries and the world at large. However,little efforts have been done to promote the practice of public archaeology in Tanzania. The main reason is the dominance of conventional archaeology which is mainly meant for academic consumption. In this kind of practice, the participation of local communities has been passive. This paper explores local communities’ understanding of cultural heritage resources focusing on local communities in the Mtwara Region of Tanzania. The results of this study reveal that little effort has been made by archaeologists and cultural heritage professionals to create awareness among local communities on matters related to archaeology and cultural heritage resources. Apart from discussing the state of local communities’ awareness on archaeology and cultural heritage resources, the paper also discusses the importance of communicating cultural heritage resources to the general public and the need to engage local communities in the conservation and preservation of cultural heritage resources.

When hidden in the dark corners of global scholarship and used sporadically at national and community levels, African cultural heritage resources become illusive, non-traceable and at most irrelevant, a situation that makes them vulnerable. This book brought out aspects of cultural heritage resources that give them a vantage point in conservation theory and practice. To achieve this, discussions of the diverse topics are anchored within a theme of sustainability. The book shows that sustainability in cultural heritage resources management is an aggregate of assessment of all the chapters in the book as follows: environment and historic environment, national and international legal framework, politics of the past, community-based conservation, cultural heritage interpretation, standard setting in cultural heritage (certification), cultural heritage tourism development and mainstreaming of human development aspects.

People inhabit and change environments using socio-cultural and psycho-social behaviors and processes. People use their socio-cultural understanding of phenomena to interact with the environment. People are carriers of cultural heritage. These characteristics make cultural values ubiquitous in all people-accessed and people-inhabited geographic spaces of the world, making people readily available assets through which environmental sustainability can be implemented. Yet, people’s conservation development is rarely planned using cultural resources. It is against this background that a Community-Based Cultural Heritage Resources Management (COBACHREM) model is initiated as a new approach that outlines the symbiosis between cultural heritage, environment and various stakeholders, with a view to create awareness about neglected conservation indicators inherent in cultural resources and better placed to complement already existing natural resources conservation indicators. The model constitutes a two-phased process with four (04) levels of operation, namely: level I (production); level II (reproduction); level III (consumption) that distinguish specific components of cultural heritage resources to be monitored at level IV for sustainability using identified cultural conservation indicators. Monitored indicators, which are limitless, constitute work in progress of the model and will be constantly reviewed, renewed and updated through time. Examples of monitoring provided in this article are the development of cultural competency-based training curriculum that will assist communities to transform cultural information into certifiable intellectual (educational) and culture-economic (tourism) assets. Another monitoring example is the mainstreaming of community cultural qualities into already existing environmental conservation frameworks such as eco-certification to infuse new layers of conservation indicators that enrich resource sustainability. The technical COBACHREM model acknowledges existing academic frameworks of communal identity formation (e.g., indigenity and autochthony) and is designed to add value onto these.

National cultural park is an innovative initiative for the protection and development of natural and cultural heritage resources in the new era, reflecting the core strategy of cultural heritage protection and development of representative cultural resources. It is not only an important carrier for the protection of natural and cultural heritage, but also a new model for promoting the development of cultural industry. Based on their own national conditions and experiences, countries have developed distinctive national park management models, including the native recreation value orientation of the United States, the sustainable club economy of Europe, the public supremacy of private ownership of land in the United Kingdom, and the synergistic community-neighborhood development of developing countries in Asia and Africa. In view of the heritage resources brought by the Beijing Winter Olympics, this study explores the idea of ice and snow tourism routes centered on Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou, and proposes the principles of sustainable development, mutual benefit and symbiosis, and public supremacy, which is committed to constructing a development model integrating culture, tourism and ecology.

This book seeks to place African cultural heritage studies and conservation practices in the modern context by bringing out modern topics around its use in the contemporary world. Cultural heritage resources in Africa and the developing world are facing a challenge of being roped into multiple platforms in a reactive and/or haphazard manner that does not account for their sustainable use. General resources conservation has been taking place in multiple facets for time immemorial. Cultural heritage resources management field, however, is new in Africa and among African stakeholders. Cultural heritage resources management is a process of organising the use of cultural resources amongst multiple stakeholders such as people, institutions, governments, regions and the world. To organise cultural resources conservation ideas, a conceptual framework (theory) built from observed stakeholders’ relationship with the resources (practice) through time, is needed. This chapter introduces the book’s consolidated and coordinated point of departure into theory and practice for African cultural heritage management. It also introduces an underlying make-up of contents in the book on African cultural heritage conservation and management. The book features a variety of topics through its chapters, amongst them international conventions as frameworks for African cultural heritage management, politics of the past, the building of sustainable communities using cultural heritage, sustainable interpretation of heritage, standard setting (certification) and heritage, heritage tourism and development mainstreaming of cultural heritage in Africa.

Tourism industry is the largest industry that has grown dramatically fast. Sustaining cultural authenticity is essential within the field of cultural tourism, as the interest of tourists in travelling is closely related to natural as well as cultural heritage sites. Thus, it has led different destinations to focus on the authenticity and has significantly increased cultural tourism industry in such countries. The desire of tourists to get indulged in the culture of the other countries has made it essential for the tourism authorities to maintain and sustain the originality and authenticity of the cultural heritage. This study radiates more light on the question of cultural and architectural heritage and authenticity. It has also been observed that cultural heritage resources are consistently offered as the central aspect for prompting the development of cultural tourism. The visitor’s consumption of the preferred experiences provided by cultural heritage attractions helps in increasing the cultural tourism. Travellers want the hotels to represent the local neighborhood, have a strong sense of place with local food, art and traditions. Therefore, restoring, preserving, keeping alive and managing historical buildings or making them look old and authentic could fulfill quest for authenticity in the accommodation market. Therefore, based on the study findings, it can be stated that the cultural factors are becoming more popular in Thailand. It has hence been marked that, with the drastically increasing number of tourists in Thailand over the years, the cultural tourism has taken the position as one of the most important segments of Thailand’s economy. There are many possibilities for future research in this area. Authenticity is subjectivity of human beings. As beauty is in the eye of the beholder, what is real to one person can be very fake to another. Also there can be more factors that should take into consideration for measuring authenticity. Finally, the focus of the study was on heritage accommodation, there is a varied area in the tourism industry to be further studied. Keywords: Cultural, Architectural, Heritage, Authenticity, Sustainable Tourism

Cultural heritages inherit and carry the memory of human civilization. They are irreplaceable resources representing the history context and cultural impression of the human being. The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage and the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage defined cultural heritage. The Notice of the State Council on Strengthening Protection of Cultural Heritages defined the nature of cultural heritage in legal terms. The definition and classification of cultural heritage in these treaties have great significance in guiding the protection and utilization of cultural heritage resources. However, with the exploration of research and protective measures, the diversity and complexity of cultural heritage resources often exceed those defined in the treaties. A more practical standardization system is needed for general investigation of cultural heritages. In this study, the ancientYanhecheng Pass area, which has relatively concentrated cultural heritage resources, was investigated by conducting field survey and literature review, to explore a macro-scale cultural heritage classification system. In addition, the cultural heritages were qualitatively evaluated, with a view to helping with the protection and utilization of them.

Abstract. The Silk Road, a major traffic route across the Eurasia continent, has been a convergence for the exchange, communication and dissemination of various cultures such as nations, materials, religions and arts for more than two thousand years. And the cultural heritage along the long and complicate route has been also attractive. In recent years, the Silk Road – the Road Network along the Chang’an-Tianshan Mountain has been listed in the Directory of World Cultural Heritage. The rare and rich cultural resources along the Silk Road, especially those in the territory of China, have attracted attentions of the world. This article describes the research ideas, methods, processes and results of the planning design on the internet-based dissemination services platform system for cultural heritage resources. First of all, it has defined the targeting for dissemination services and the research methods applied for the Silk Road heritage resources, based on scientific and objective spatial measurement and research on history and geography, to carry on the excavation of values of cultural resource for the target users. Then, with the front-end art exhibit by means of innovative IT, time and space maps of cultural heritage resources, interactive graphics display, panoramic three-dimensional virtual tour, and the Silk Road topics as the main features, a comprehensive and multi-angle cultural resources dissemination services platform is built. The research core of the platform is a demand-oriented system design on the basis of cultural resources and features as the fundamental, the value of contemporary manifestation as the foundation, and cultural dissemination and service as a starting point. This platform has achieved, temporal context generalization, interest profiles extension, online and offline adaptation, and other prominent innovations. On the basis of routes heritage resource protection and dissemination services with complex relationship between time and space, and the Silk Road as the representative, practice and research of the platform in the internet context help to provide an application reference and theoretical basis.

Tourists are motivated to travel to Antarctica for not only the natural beauty of the continent and its wildlife but also because of the cultural and historical resources associated with the great explorers, such as Shackleton. This article examines the interplay and interrelationships between natural and cultural heritage resources and how this may shape the Antarctic experience and the benefits and outcomes associated with tourism participation. In particular we examined how tourist's perspectives on climate change are influenced through this interplay between natural and cultural heritage resources. Data were drawn from participant observation, field notes, and open-ended questionnaires that were distributed to tourists that participated in four different Antarctic voyages in 2014. The study finds that cultural heritage resources, such as historic sites and locations, could be used as a narrative vehicle for discussing broader enivronmental issues such as climate change, as tourists appear willing to consider cultural and natural environments as existing in a symbiotic, rather than a dichotomous relationship. However, interpreters and guides may need to make the connections between cultural heritage resources and climate change more overt, as tourists did not necessarily view environmental issues through the prism of cultural heritage.

Wildlife and wilderness environments currently dominate conservation management models in southern Africa. Natural heritage management models are often directly adopted, rather than adapted, into the management and conservation of cultural heritage resources. This does not enable sustainable conservation of cultural heritage. In most parts of southern Africa, the adoption is influenced by the need for a diversified tourism product. However, this approach is a reaction to economic benefit, and as such poses a challenge for the sustainable development of African cultural heritage. This chapter highlights and discusses factors that lead to this scenario within a southern African context, and goes further to analyze how African cultural heritage resource managers can address this by pursuing strategies that are unique to cultural heritage resources. The chapter discusses in particular the nature-nurture divide in its historical and modern context, and its implications for contemporary cultural heritage conservation and management

Cultural heritage is based on the aspects of our past that we cherish, want to keep and pass on to future generations and the outside world. Most cultural heritage resources preserved in memory institutions, including libraries, archives, and museums (LAMs), give us unique insights into the past, help us understand our present and determine our future. However, these priceless materials are not fully utilized by the public due to inadequate promotion strategies. Worse still, LAMs in Tanzania seem to be working in silos when promoting access to available cultural heritage resources in their holdings. This study attempted to investigate the views of museum professionals from the National Museum of Tanzania concerning collaboration strategies in promoting access to the country’s cultural heritage resources. Twenty-two museum professionals participated in the study by completing an online survey. A documentary review of legislations governing LAMs was conducted to determine whether collaboration is encouraged and supported legally. The findings of the study indicated that the existing legislations lack provisions for collaborations in promoting and raising public awareness of heritage resources preserved in LAMs. The study provides recommendations that could strengthen ties between libraries, archives and museums so as to promote further access to the Tanzanian cultural heritage resources maintained in LAMs.