Cultural Discourse in the Formation of Spiritual and Aesthetic Culture

Abstract

The author considers the problem of complex research of culturological discourse, which influences the formation of spiritual and aesthetic culture as a holistic phenomenon. Synergetic approaches to culturological systems were analyzed in order to identify their importance in the spiritual and aesthetic education of youth. Two areas of cultural study (optimistic and pessimistic) are described in the article, they are generated by its crisis. Isolationist and integrative views on the place of culturology in the system of scientific knowledge are considered from the point of view that according to the first optimistic consideration it is a separate science with its own special approach, which does not replace culturology with other sciences (philosophy of culture, art history, sociology of culture, etc.) thus according to the second pessimistic consideration the culturology is a synthesis of social and humanitarian knowledges not about individual cultural systems, but about the universal properties inherent in all cultures. It is noted that new culturological models of researchers have appeared in modern Ukraine, which directly or indirectly affect the problems of spiritual and aesthetic culture. The concept of the synergetic paradigm of building the cultural continuum of Ukraine is covered in order to reveal the specifics of the history and ethnography of its main cultural regions. The author emphasizes that they have a common cultural basis. The concept of methodological foundations of the study of spiritual and aesthetic culture is substantiated from the standpoint of philosophy, aesthetics and culturology. It is proved that the structural elements of culture, their dynamics and new formations depend on changes in the nature of society, globalization and alterglobalization processes, social commitment of culture and art, reducing cultural and aesthetic needs of consumers of artistic, aesthetic and spiritual values. The culturological model of the sociocultural system is proposed by the author. This model is actively used in the study of the origins of national history and culture, as well as in the return of its basic institutions taking into account the real economic transformations. It was found that the leading role in the preservation of highly spiritual values belongs to the representatives of creative professions as highly intelligent bearers of perfect "craft" and impeccable aesthetic and artistic taste.