Cultural Diplomacy through Sports: Case Studies of International Sporting Events Promoting Diplomatic Relations

Abstract

Purpose: This study sought to examine the relationship between international sporting events and cultural diplomacy. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to international sporting events and cultural diplomacy. Preliminary empirical review revealed that international sporting events played a crucial role in fostering diplomatic relations between nations. Through an analysis of various tournaments, including the Olympics and FIFA World Cup, the study found that sports served as a universal language, transcending cultural barriers and fostering mutual understanding. Effective coordination among stakeholders was highlighted as essential in maximizing the diplomatic potential of these events. The study emphasized the need for ongoing research and evaluation to refine strategies and address challenges, ultimately enhancing the diplomatic impact of sports on the global stage. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Soft Power theory, Constructivism and Network theory may be used to anchor future studies on international sporting events and cultural diplomacy. The study made several recommendations to advance theory, practice, and policy in sports diplomacy. It suggested that scholars refine theoretical frameworks to capture the complexities of cultural diplomacy through sports, while policymakers incorporate evidence-based strategies into diplomatic practice. Collaboration among stakeholders was encouraged to pool resources and share best practices, while integration of sports diplomacy into broader foreign policy agendas was deemed essential. Furthermore, inclusive and sustainable practices within sports organizations were recommended to promote diversity and social inclusion. Lastly, the study emphasized the importance of continued dialogue and capacity-building efforts within the sports diplomacy community to drive innovation and learning in the field.