Cultural democratisation in the struggle between public intellectuals and the state: the debate on the ‘Theatre of the People' in France (1895–1905)

Abstract

This paper deconstructs the golden legend of cultural democratisation as the achievement of the French Republican model. To do so it goes back to the years 1895–1905 when the debates on cultural democratisation were first structured. It shows how the intellectuals who ‘went to the people’ to give them culture and/or to promote a ‘people's culture’ found in this proselytism a way to express their vision of the ways to transform the social order, and to define a form of democracy in which intellectuals could play a prominent role. By doing so, they tried to oppose an alternative to the traditional methods of political representation that is to say they tried to compete with State officials as legitimate political representatives. Beyond this short-time historical period, this paper sheds light on the articulation between cultural democratisation, cultural policy and democracy in France.