Abstract
ABSTRACT We conducted this study to see if cultural beliefs and indigenous knowledge about the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) differed among demographic parameters in Chitral, Pakistan. We interviewed 600 participants (40 from Bumburet and Rumbur; 560 from Mulkhow, Torkhow, Mastuj, Lotkoh, Laspur, and Chitral town) using quantitative, structured questionnaires from June 2020 to September 2021. The questionnaire contained five questions about cultural beliefs and four about the knowledge about red foxes. We found greater association among females (versus males), with low levels of education and age (less than 20 and greater than 40 years) and beliefs that displaying red fox tail protects from accidents, increases life expectancy, protects from evil eyes and magic spells, and brings good luck. Of two indigenous tribes interviewed, the Kalasha people living in rural settings disregarded superstitious beliefs and had more knowledge about the red fox than Khow people.
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