Abstract
BackgroundNurses’ palliative and hospice care-specific education is associated with the quality of palliative and hospice care that influences health outcomes of patients with life-limiting illnesses and their caregivers. However, China lacks measures available to assess nurses’ educational needs in palliative and hospice care. The End-of-Life Professional Caregiver Survey (EPCS) is a psychometrically reliable self-reporting scale to measure multidisciplinary professionals’ palliative and hospice care educational needs. This study was performed to explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the EPCS (EPCS-C) among Chinese nurses.MethodsWe translated and culturally adapted the EPCS into Chinese based on Beaton and colleagues’ instrument adaptation process. A cross-sectional study design was used. We recruited 312 nurses from 1482 nurses in a tertiary hospital in central China using convenience sampling to complete the study. Participants completed the EPCS-C and a demographic questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to test and verify the construct validity of the nurse-specific EPCS-C. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to appraise the reliability of the nurse-specific EPCS-C.ResultsA three-factor structure of EPCS-C was determined, including cultural, ethical, and national values; patient- and family-centered communication; and effective care delivery. The exploratory factor analysis explained 70.82% of the total variances. The 3-factor solution of the nurse-specific EPCS-C had a satisfactory model fit: χ2 = 537.96, χ2/df = 2.96, CFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.079, IFI = 0.94, and GFI = 0.86. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the overall questionnaire was 0.96.ConclusionsThe nurse-specific EPCS-C showed satisfactory reliability and validity to assess nurses’ palliative and hospice care educational need. Further research is required to verify the reliability and validity of the EPCS-C in a larger sample, especially the criterion-related validity.
Highlights
Nurses’ palliative and hospice care-specific education is associated with the quality of palliative and hospice care that influences health outcomes of patients with life-limiting illnesses and their caregivers
Cultural adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the End-of-Life Professional Caregiver Survey (EPCS) (EPCS-C)
Data from a total of 312 nurses were analyzed and results showed that the 21-item nurse-specific EPCS-C exhibits strong internal reliability and construct validity
Summary
Nurses’ palliative and hospice care-specific education is associated with the quality of palliative and hospice care that influences health outcomes of patients with life-limiting illnesses and their caregivers. To decrease the gap in this area, the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China released detailed guidelines on palliative and hospice care, which include basic standards and management standards for hospice center (trial) [7] and practice guidelines for hospice care (trial) [8]. These guidelines have spawned educational efforts (trainings, workshops, conferences, and courses) for professional palliative and hospice care providers, in particular for nurses, to satisfy their education needs and to enhance their knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of delivering palliative and hospice care. There is a paucity of standardized and validated instruments in Chinese to measure nurses’ palliative and hospice care educational needs and selfefficacy
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