Abstract
In the countries of the Mediterranean Basin viticulture has been dealt with for centuries. It was known to the ancient civilizations of the Middle East and grapevines were widely planted in Greece and Rome. The vineyard was part of the utility garden, usually occupying large areas and at the same time being a connection with the landscape. Creeper vine was also used in decorative gardens as an ornamental plant for various types of buildings and garden structures. The Polish tradition of planting vineyards dates back to the Middle Ages and is mainly associated with the activities of monks, although it was not as common as in the countries of southern Europe. However, in Polish gardening literature and in the literature that describes the development of the art of gardening, you can find lots of tips on how to grow grapevines, their varieties and the descriptions of the vineyards.
Highlights
Vitis vinifera L., Vitaceae family, includes about 60 species
The territorial range of grapevines extends from southern Europe (Mediterranean Basin) through the area around the Caspian Sea to the Himalayas [1]
Vitis vinifera L. is one of the oldest plants, together with cereals [8], and vineyards are significant spatial elements used in gardens [9]
Summary
Vitis vinifera L., Vitaceae family, includes about 60 species. The territorial range of grapevines extends from southern Europe (Mediterranean Basin) through the area around the Caspian Sea to the Himalayas [1]. Botanists locate the first planting of grapevine in the mountainous regions of Armenia [2]. Recognized as its ancestor, can be found in the Middle East [3]. A lot of evidence of grapevine, or Vitis sylvestris Gmel. These are, for example, some seeds stored in earthen clay vessels dating back to the end of the seventh millennium BC. 2960-2770 BC) confirm vine growing in this region In Egypt frescoes, wall paintings in the tombs presenting vines stretched on structures, activities related to the care of grapevines or stamps with the image of a grapevine from the First Dynasty (c. 2960-2770 BC) confirm vine growing in this region
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