Cultivation of pleurotus ostreatus on oil palm fronds mixed with rubber tree sawdust

Abstract

Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) is cultivated in Malaysia using rubber tree sawdust (RS). Due to a shortage and the increasing cost of rubber tree sawdust, an alternative substrate is needed. This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of oil palm frond (OPF) as an alternative substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. The OPF and RS were analysed for their elemental compositions. The mycelium growth rate, the time for first pinhead formation and first fruiting bodies, yield, and biological efficiency (BE%) were studied for 100 % OPF, 90 % OPF - 10 % RS, 70 % OPF - 30 % RS, 50 %OPF - 50 % RS, 30 % OPF - 70 % RS, 10 % OPF - 90 % RS and 0 % OPF - 100 % RS substrates supplemented with rice bran and calcium carbonate. The proximate nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus first flush was also analysed for 100 % RS and 100% OPF. For mycelium growth rate, time for first pinhead formation and time to first Pleurotus ostreatus crop, the 0% OPF - 100 % RS substrate recorded the shortest time followed by the 10% OPF -90 % RS substrate. The 0 % OPF - 100 % RS substrate gave the highest yield of 135 g (22.6 % BE) whereas 125 g (20.9 % BE) was obtained from the 30 % OPF - 70 % RS substrate. The first flush of Pleurotus ostreatus harvested from the 100 % OPF substrate was richer in protein but lower in fat and carbohydrate compared to the mushrooms from the 100 % RS substrate making it an excellent food for low caloric diet, but OPF alone is not suitable as an alternative substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus as it took a longer growth performance with a lower yield of fruiting bodies compared to RS substrate.