Abstract
A large amount of agro-industrial waste is produced worldwide in various agricultural sectors and by different food industries. The disposal and burning of this waste have created major global environmental problems. Agro-industrial waste mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, all of which are collectively defined as lignocellulosic materials. This waste can serve as a suitable substrate in the solid-state fermentation process involving mushrooms. Mushrooms degrade lignocellulosic substrates through lignocellulosic enzyme production and utilize the degraded products to produce their fruiting bodies. Therefore, mushroom cultivation can be considered a prominent biotechnological process for the reduction and valorization of agro-industrial waste. Such waste is generated as a result of the eco-friendly conversion of low-value by-products into new resources that can be used to produce value-added products. Here, we have produced a brief review of the current findings through an overview of recently published literature. This overview has focused on the use of agro-industrial waste as a growth substrate for mushroom cultivation and lignocellulolytic enzyme production.
Highlights
The rapidly growing global population and expansion in the agriculture sector and food industries have resulted in the generation of a large amount of agro-industrial waste annually
Ligninolytic enzymes or ligninases are mainly comprised of laccases (Lac, EC 1.10.3.2), lignin peroxidases (LiPs, EC 1.11.1.14), manganese peroxidases (MnPs, EC 1.11.1.13), versatile peroxidases (VPs) and dye decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs, EC 1.11.1.19) [116,218]
VP has been produced by solid state fermentation (SSF) of P. eryngii and P. ostreatus on wheat straw, sawdust, and banana peels [223,266]
Summary
The rapidly growing global population and expansion in the agriculture sector and food industries have resulted in the generation of a large amount of agro-industrial waste annually. Industrial residues are residues that are produced by the food, fruit and vegetable processing industries and include bran, peels, pomace and bagasse. Agro-industrial waste can potentially be converted into different high-value products, including biofuels, value-added fine chemicals and cheap energy sources for microbial fermentation and enzyme production [7,8,9]. These waste products can represent a source of energy, as well as sources of carbon. In this study, we have summarized the current findings on the use of agro-industrial waste as growth substrates for mushroom cultivation and lignocellulolytic enzyme production
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