Abstract
Description of the subject. Edible mushrooms cultivation is one of the most important agro-industries in Mexico, showing good impact on food production through a controlled biotechnological process. National production is supported by foreign strains although this region has a great biological diversity in wild mushrooms species with adaptatively advantages to the local environment, but these genetic resources have been few studied, especially for Agaricus species. Objectives. To unravel the potential of wild Mexican strains of Agaricus bisporus for the production of fruiting bodies on compost. Method. The mycelial growth rate of eight A. bisporus strains (two wild, six commercial) in culture media was assessed by supplementing a malt extract medium with yeast extract (YMEA), yeast extract and indulin AT (YMEA-indulin AT), and compost extract (CMEA) at three different incubation temperatures (22, 25 and 28 °C). Mycelial growth was evaluated in solid media (mm·day-1) and liquid culture (decrease in the phenol content). Four strains (two wild, two commercial) with the best in vitro results were selected to obtain carpophores on compost and evaluate their yields. Results. The highest values of mycelial growth were observed in CMEA and the greatest decrease in phenol content was recorded for YME. Biological efficiencies of the four selected strains were 50.8 to 95.5%, and yields were 7.4 to 14.1 kg·m-2 in crop cycles of 74 to 98 days. Basidiomes 5 to 15 cm in diameter predominated. Conclusions. The characteristics of the wild strains indicate their suitability for the regional market, but additional experiments are necessary to improve their productivity parameters.
Highlights
Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach, the white button mushroom, currently holds fourth place in commercial mushroom production worldwide (Royse & Sánchez, in press)
The daily increase in the mycelial diameter of the different strains varied with temperature and culture media tested, but in general, the strains growing in compost malt extract (CMEA) had the highest values
With respect to the temperature parameter, at 22 °C the highest mycelial growth rates on CMEA were recorded for the two Mexican wild strains (IE-623 and IE-746), followed by some commercial strains (IE-610, IE-752, IE-754 and IE-755), but without any statistical differences between the two types of strains (Table 1).When strains were cultured at 25 °C (Table 2), the Mexican strain IE-746 had a good mycelial growth in all of the culture media evaluated, while the other wild strain (IE-623) only maintained good growth in CMEA
Summary
Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach, the white button mushroom, currently holds fourth place in commercial mushroom production worldwide (Royse & Sánchez, in press). Despite the economic importance of this species, until the end of the last century it was believed that wild A. bisporus populations were restricted to the European continent where the species had been domesticated (Savoie et al, 2013). This concept of distribution changed in the 1980’s when native specimens of this species were found in North America, including California and Canada, or Asia (Callac et al, 2005). According to Savoie et al (2013), in spite of the wide geographic distribution of this species in the world, the geographic diversity of this species is not reflected in the preserved germplasm
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