Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of different agro-residues as a carbon source in the fruiting substrates of Flammulina velutipesmushroom and the effect of supplementation with the nitrogen sources spent brewer's yeast and rice bran. The following fruiting substrates were evaluated: rubber wood sawdust (SD), paddy straw (PS), palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), and palm-pressed fiber (PPF). Cultivation was done on each agro-residue, based on formulations consisting of two substrates at the ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3. Mycelial growth rate and basidiocarp yield were evaluated. The best fruiting substrates were PS+EFB (25:75), PS+PPF (50:50), and PPF (100), with biological efficiency of 185.09±36.98, 150.89±50.35, and 129.06±14.51%, respectively. No significant effects of supplementation with rice bran and spent yeast were observed on mycelial growth rate and biological efficiency. The cultivation of F. velutipes on oil palm wastes does not require additional nitrogen sources.
Highlights
Most of the mushrooms in the Malaysian market are imported from China
Empty fruit bunches and palm‐pressed fiber have been used as fruiting substrates for P. sajor‐caju (Amal et al, 2008; Muhamad et al, 2008), and both could be potentially used as a fruiting substrate for A. polytricha (Abd Razak et al, 2012)
The results show that paddy straw (PS), empty fruit bunches (EFB), and palm‐pressed fiber (PPF) contained 77.4% carbon and 0.7% nitrogen, 89.71% carbon and 0.36% nitrogen, and 84.25% carbon and 0.6% nitrogen, respectively
Summary
Most of the mushrooms in the Malaysian market are imported from China. Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer, commonly known as golden needle mushroom, is one of the main imported mushrooms, mostly from Taiwan, China and Korea. In 1997, F. velutipes ranked fifth in the total worldwide production of edible mushrooms, with China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan as the leading producers (Kües & Liu, 2000). In Malaysia, the production of golden needle mushrooms by growers is still insufficient and inefficient. Local mushroom growers face two major obstacles: firstly, the limited supply of sawdust, mostly due to competition from other industries; and secondly, the fact that sawdust supplies are often mixed with chemicals used in the processing industry. The tainted supply of sawdust affects mushroom growth and causes low yield, a high percentage of contamination, and unsynchronized flushing patterns
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