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Abstract
Previous studies have documented that Chlorella sorokiniana could grow well on cooking cocoon wastewater (CCW) with a maximum biomass of 0.49 g/L. In order to further enhance the biomass production and nutrient removals, a bubble-column bioreactor was designed and performed to cultivate C. sorokiniana in CCW, and two main cultivation parameters were investigated in this work. Results showed that a maximum algal biomass, specific growth rate, and biomass productivity of 2.83 g/L, 0.854 d-1, and 476.25 g/L/d, respectively, were achieved when this alga was cultivated in the bioreactor with an initial cell density of 0.8 g/L and an aeration rate of 3.34 L air/L culture/min; meanwhile, removal efficiencies of ammonium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand reached 97.96, 85.66, 97.96, and 86.43%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that obtained in our previous studies. Moreover, chemical compositions in the algal cells varied with the changes of cultivation conditions (i.e., initial cell density and aeration rate). Thus, it is concluded that (1) the bubble-column bioreactor was suitable for cultivation of C. sorokiniana coupled with the CCW treatment and (2) initial cell density and aeration rate affected the biomass production, nutrient removals and chemical compositions of this alga.
Highlights
The specific objectives of this work were: (1) to design a simple bubble-column bioreactor, which was used for the cultivation of C. sorokiniana in cocoon wastewater (CCW); (2) to evaluate the feasibility of microalgae cultivation coupled with CCW treatment in the bioreactor; and (3) to investigate the effects of initial cell density and aeration rate on the algal growth characteristics, chemical compositions, and capability of removing nutrients when this alga was cultivated in CCW within the bioreactor
Similar results were obtained by Deng et al ( ), who found that the final cell density increased first and decreased with the increase of initial cell density when transgenic gametophytes of Laminaria japonica were cultivated in an illuminated bubble-column bioreactor
This phenomenon could be explained by the fact that algal cells could obtain sufficient nutrients and light conditions when the initial cell density was low; increasing initial cell density would intensify the competition among algal cells for nutrients uptake, light, and other conditioning factors, resulting in the decrease of algal biomass
Summary
Large-scale commercial production of algal biomass is potentially more costly than that of traditional crops because algae cultivation requires an abundance of water. It has been demonstrated that algae cultivation using wastewater is an ideal scenario for sustainable production of algae-based biofuels and bio-based chemicals, since large quantities of freshwater and nutrients required for algae growth could be saved and the associated life cycle burdens could be reduced significantly (Zhou et al ). The integration of algae cultivation and wastewater treatment is likely to be one of the most viable strategies for sustainable production of algal biomass and bio-based products because wastewater provides water source and most of the necessary nutrients for algal growth. It is concluded that the CCW could be used as a good-quality medium for algal growth
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