Abstract
Cultivated wild ginseng has a variety of pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cultivated wild ginseng extracts (CWGE) on apoptosis. CWGE showed the ability to protect hormone production (testosterone and progesterone from in vitro results) in TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cells damaged by Bisphenol A (BPA). CWGE also showed the ability to protect production of testosterone (7.24%, P<0.05), plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) (32.67%, P<0.05), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (37.34%, P<0.05) compared to the control and BPA-only groups. Reduction of apoptotic protein expression and induction of anti-apoptotic protein expression was observed in cells and rats pretreated with CWGE. These proteins are expressed through the ERK and p38 signalling pathways. In addition, CWGE might be a useful herbal medicine of cellular defense agents as our results in cells and animals.
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