Cultivar and Previous Crop Effects on Methane Emissions From Drill-Seeded, Delayed-Flood Rice Production on a Silt-Loam Soil

Abstract

The effects of cultural practices on drill-seeded delayed-flood rice (Oryza sativa L.) production on methane (CH4) emissions are not well quantified. In Arkansas, rice is produced predominantly on loamy soils following soybean (Glycine max L.) as the previous crop, and hybrid rice has replaced a large percentage of pure-line cultivars in the past decade. Therefore, research was conducted during the 2012 growing season to assess the effects of previous crop (rice or soybean) and cultivar (standard-stature, semi-dwarf, and hybrid) on CH4 emissions on a silt-loam soil. A 30-cm-diameter chamber-based method was used to determine fluxes during the 2012 growing season. When soybean was the previous crop, fluxes were generally lower (P < 0.05) until heading, after which all fluxes decreased until flood release. Seasonal emissions differed based on previous crop and cultivar (P < 0.05). Area- and yield-scaled growing season emissions from rice following soybean were less (127 kg CH4-C ha−1; 13.7 kg CH4-C (mg grain)−1) than when rice followed rice (184 kg CH4-C ha−1; 20.5 kg CH4-C (mg grain)−1). Hybrid rice emitted less (111 kg CH4-C ha−1; 11.1 kg CH4-C (mg grain)−1) than semi-dwarf (169 CH4-C ha−1; 18.3 kg CH4-C (mg grain)−1) or standard-stature rice (186 kg CH4-C ha−1; 21.9 kg CH4-C (mg grain)−1), which did not differ. Thus, results indicated decreased emissions when soybean was the previous crop and when the hybrid cultivar was grown. The incorporation of factors known to influence CH4 emissions (i.e., previous crop, cultivar, and yield) will improve estimates of the carbon footprint of rice.