Abstract
Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) germplasm is a precious resource for the improvement of agronomic traits in rice. Rice seeds also harbor a diverse endophytic bacterial community, and their interactions with their hosts and each other can influence plant growth and adaptability. Here, we investigated the community composition of cultivable endophytic bacteria obtained from the surface-sterilized seeds of Dongxiang wild rice and screened them for plant growth-promoting traits. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the 47 isolates were affiliated with five classes and 13 discrete genera, and Bacillus and Microbacterium predominated. Evaluations of plant growth promoting (PGP) traits showed that 45 endophytic bacteria isolates produced between 3.37 and 90.11 μg mL−1 of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), with the highest yield of 90.11 μg mL−1 (Fse28). Further, 37 of the isolates were able to solubilize mineral phosphate, while 28 other isolates had the ability of N2-fixation, 17 isolates possessed 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity with the highest yield of 20.72 μmol mg−1 protein h−1 (Fse35), and 17 isolates were also able to produce siderophores. The two strains Fse28 and Fse35 had multiple PGP traits that significantly improved the agronomic traits (root length, shoot length, dry matter, and chlorophyll content) of cultivated rice seedlings. Our results illustrate the rich diversity of seed endophytic bacteria in Dongxiang wild rice and their potential for developing novel efficient bioinoculants to enhance soil fertility and favor seedling growth.
Highlights
Plants can establish relationships with other members of their ecosystem, enjoying benefits to their growth and development while providing an ecological niche for thriving microorganisms [1,2]
We investigated the community composition of cultivable endophytic bacteria obtained from the surface-sterilized seeds of Dongxiang wild rice using five isolation media, including nutrient agar (NA), 10-fold diluted nutrient agar (TDNA), Reasoner’s 2A agar (R2A), Tryptone soy agar (TSA), and Baird-Parker agar (BPA)
Endophytic bacteria community structure was analyzed in the seeds of DXWR using culture-dependent methods
Summary
Plants can establish relationships with other members of their ecosystem, enjoying benefits to their growth and development while providing an ecological niche for thriving microorganisms [1,2]. Endophytes are microorganisms that inhabit the various tissues and organs of some or all stages of healthy plants and do not cause substantial damage to the host plant [3]. Endophytic bacteria sometimes provide multiple benefits to host plants, such as stimulation of plant growth by promoting biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, phytohormone production (indole-3acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellins), ACC deaminase activity, and enhancing antagonism against plant pathogens [5,6,7,8]. Previous studies have reported that seed microbes may originate from the earliest stages of seed development on the parent plant and are able to establish early in soil grown seedlings [14,15]
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