Abstract
A homoleptic ionic Cu(I) coordination complex that was based on 2,2′-biquinoline ligand functionalized with long alkyl chains (Cu(I)–C18) was used as a precursor to modify a carbon nanofiber paste electrode (Cu–C18/CNF). Randomized copper oxide microelectrode arrays dispersed within carbon nanofiber paste (CuOx/CNF) were obtained by electrochemical treatment of Cu–C18/CNF while using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CuOx/CNF exhibited high electrocatalytic activity towards glucose oxidation at +0.6 V and +1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterized the electrodes composition. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave-voltammetry (SWV), and multiple-pulsed amperometry (MPA) techniques provided optimized conditions for glucose oxidation and detection. A preconcentration step that involved 10 minutes accumulation at open circuit potential before SWV running led to the lowest limit of detection and the highest sensitivity for glucose detection (5419.77 µA·mM−1·cm−2 at + 1.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl) vs. Cu-based electrodes reported to date in literature.
Highlights
The rapid determination of glucose concentration has attracted increasing interest in various fields, e.g., clinical diagnosis, food industry, wastewater treatment, and sustainable fuel cells [1,2].Electrochemical techniques exhibit great potential for the development of next-generation glucose detection sensors due to their advantages, e.g., high sensitivity and selectivity, accuracy, simple instrumentation, low cost, and excellent compatibility with miniaturization
The Cu–C18/CarbonCarbon nanofibers (CNFs) paste electrode was obtained by mixing appropriated weights of carbon nanofibers, paraffin oil, and Cu(I)–C18 in order to obtain the ratio of 40%, wt. carbon nanofibers, 20%, wt
By using a homoleptic ionic Cu(I) coordination complex that was based on 2,20 -biquinoline ligand functionalised with long alkyl chains, a randomized copper oxides microelectrodes array that was dispersed within carbon nanofiber paste (CuOx –CNF) was electrochemically obtained through potential scanning that ranged from −0.5 to +1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl in
Summary
Electrochemical techniques exhibit great potential for the development of next-generation glucose detection sensors due to their advantages, e.g., high sensitivity and selectivity, accuracy, simple instrumentation, low cost, and excellent compatibility with miniaturization. Commercial glucose sensors are mainly built on enzyme-based electrochemical sensors. Despite good sensitivity and selectivity, their drawbacks related to low reproducibility, complexity of enzyme immobilization process, activity vulnerability, and high cost have been limited their large-scale practical applications [3,4]. Much effort has been devoted to the design and exploitation of non-enzymatic sensors based on direct electrocatalysis of electrode materials through noble metals, metal alloys, transition metal oxides/hydroxides, or conductive polymers [1,5] assembled through both bottom-up and top-down, as well as mixed strategies, to avoid such issues [6].
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